How To Describe Body Language in Fiction

I want to describe body language so that my characters come alive and convey emotions in a realistic and compelling way. How do I describe body language?

The 7 building blocks of body language are:

1. Facial expressions
2. Head movement and positioning
3. Hands and arms
4. Body movement and positioning
5. Use of space
6. Touch
7. Tone of voice

In this article, we will delve into each of these 7 building blocks of body language including 70 examples, as well as 19 emotions with examples of body language for each (a total of 190 examples).

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What is body language?

Body language is nonverbal communication. It's the unspoken element of communication that we express through our physical behaviors.

In a broader sense, body language includes our postures, gestures, facial expressions, and even our breathing rhythm. It's how we convey emotions and attitudes without speaking a word. For instance, crossed arms may signal defensiveness, while frequent eye contact can indicate interest and engagement. As an author, understanding the nuances of body language can allow you to portray your characters in a more realistic and relatable way.

In the context of fiction, body language can add depth to your characters. It can offer readers insights into your characters' thoughts and feelings that wouldn't be apparent through dialogue alone. Describing body language accurately and effectively can therefore be a powerful tool in your storytelling arsenal. It enables you to show rather than tell, making your characters come alive on the page.

Why is body language important when writing fiction?

Body language is a key element in fiction for several reasons.

It helps to "show, not tell" – a fundamental principle in writing. Instead of simply stating that a character is angry or happy, you can depict it through their physical reactions, helping readers to visualize and feel the emotions, thus drawing them deeper into the story.

Body language brings characters to life. Consider a character who constantly checks his watch, or another who compulsively smoothes her hair. These small details make characters unique, real, and relatable.

Body language is an excellent tool for revealing hidden emotions. A character may be smiling while clenching their fists under the table, indicating inner tension or concealed anger. This adds layers of complexity, making characters more intriguing.

Body language can denote relationships between characters. Consider two characters who mirror each other's movements, implying a close bond, or a character who avoids another's gaze, suggesting conflict or discomfort.

By weaving body language into your scene descriptions, you can make them more vivid and dynamic. It's one thing to say a room is tense, but quite another to describe how one character is pacing restlessly, another is biting her lip, and a third is drumming his fingers on the table. Such descriptions make the scene come alive, immersing readers in the atmosphere of the moment.

Body language can also enhance dialogue and can even serve instead "tags" (he said, she said) to identify the speaker.

So, you, the author, should pay attention to body language. It's a subtle yet powerful tool that can enrich your fiction in countless ways.

Building blocks of body language

The building blocks of body language are the following elements:

1. Facial expressions –  eyes and eyebrows, nose, mouth, skin, the face as a whole
2. Head movement and positioning – head tilting, nodding, shaking head, bowing head, head thrown back
3. Hands and arms – open palms, palms together, fidgeting, drumming fingers, making a fist, pointing finger, shaking finger, waving hands, crossing arms, arms on hips
4. Body movement and positioning – shoulders hunched, open stance, closed stance, leaning in, leaning back, standing tall, slumping, crossing legs, bouncing legs/feet/knees 
5. Use of space – invading personal space, maintaining distance, claiming space, minimizing presence
6. Touch – handshake, touch arm, hug, hand on shoulder, patting head, kiss
7. Tone of voice – soft spoken, loud voice, monotone, fluctuations in pitch, whisper, shout, rapid-fire speech, slow deliberate speech, abrupt silence, drawn-out silence

Let's take a look at each of these building blocks. 

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Facial expressions are an essential part of body language, often conveying emotions more accurately than words. As a writer, the challenge lies in portraying these expressions in a way that creates a vivid mental picture for your readers. Here's how to approach various elements of the face:

Eyes and Eyebrows: The eyes are often said to be the "windows to the soul", and they can express a vast range of emotions. When describing eyes, consider their focus, movement, and changes in size (narrowed or widened). For instance, a character might avoid eye contact when lying or glance quickly to the side when nervous. Eyebrows also play a crucial role. They can be furrowed in concentration, raised in surprise, or drawn together in anger.

Nose: The nose is usually not as expressive as the eyes or mouth, but it can still provide valuable details. For example, a character’s nose might flare with anger or crinkle in disgust.

Mouth: From smiles to frowns, the mouth can convey a broad spectrum of feelings. A tight, thin-lipped smile might reveal suppressed anger or discomfort, while a wide, open-mouthed laugh suggests joy and relaxation.

Skin: The condition of the skin can reveal a lot about a character's emotional state. Paleness might indicate shock or fear, blushing could signify embarrassment or attraction, while sweating may signal nervousness.

The Face as a Whole: While you can describe facial features individually, it's also important to consider the face as a whole. Different expressions tend to involve multiple areas of the face, and it’s the interplay between them that produces a particular look or emotion. For example, genuine happiness might be shown through bright eyes, a wide smile, and relaxed eyebrows.

Remember that less is often more when it comes to description. Instead of describing every minute facial change, pick the most telling details and let readers fill in the rest. This approach will keep your narrative flowing smoothly while still adding depth to your characters. As you, the writer, make use of these elements, your fictional characters will start expressing themselves in ways that feel natural and relatable to the reader.

Here are some words and phrases to spark ideas:

1. Her eyes were wide as saucers, filled with innocent curiosity.
2. He wore a tight-lipped smile, barely concealing his frustration.
3. Her eyebrows arched in surprise, question marks painted on her forehead.
4. He avoided her gaze, his eyes darting uncomfortably around the room.
5. A blush crept up her cheeks, a telltale sign of her embarrassment.
6. His face was a mask of stoicism, eyes narrowed and lips pressed into a thin line.
7. She gave him a sidelong glance, her eyes simmering with suspicion.
8. His nose crinkled in disgust as he surveyed the mess before him.
9. A broad smile stretched across her face, her eyes twinkling with genuine happiness.
10. His jaw was set, eyes steely and resolute, radiating silent determination.

Facial expressions are an important building block for describing body language. Here's a link to an article that goes into more detail:

How To Describe Facial Expressions

HEAD MOVEMENT AND POSITIONING

While facial expressions often steal the spotlight when it comes to conveying emotion, the positioning and movement of the head can be just as informative. By paying attention to this often overlooked aspect of body language, you, the writer, can add another layer of depth and realism to your characters.

Head Tilting: This gesture can convey curiosity, confusion, or sympathy. For instance, a character might tilt their head to the side as they try to piece together a complex puzzle, or in a more emotional context, when they're empathizing with a friend's troubles.

Nodding: Often a sign of agreement or understanding, nodding can also be a way for a character to reassure themselves or others. A character might nod while listening to another's explanation, showing that they follow the discussion. Or they might nod to themselves after making a decision, reasserting their resolve.

Shaking Head: This gesture usually signifies disagreement, denial, or disbelief. A character could shake their head gently in silent disagreement during a heated debate, or more vigorously when faced with shocking news they refuse to accept.

Bowing Head: This movement can indicate respect, submission, or defeat. A character might bow their head in a formal situation to show respect, or as a sign of surrender in a conflict. Alternatively, a character who's feeling downcast or defeated might bow their head, allowing gravity to express their emotional weight.

Head Throwing Back: This action is often associated with laughter, surprise, or a release of tension. A character might throw their head back in a moment of unrestrained laughter, or in surprise at an unexpected event. After a tense situation is resolved, a character might throw their head back in relief.

As with facial expressions, the key to describing head movements effectively is to focus on the most significant details and let the reader fill in the rest. Explore different combinations of head movements and facial expressions to create a rich tapestry of nonverbal communication in your writing.

Here are some examples to inspire you:

1. She tilted her head, her brow furrowed in puzzlement.
2. He nodded slowly, his eyes showing understanding as he processed her explanation.
3. She shook her head vehemently, her disbelief apparent in her wide, shocked eyes.
4. His head bowed low, defeat weighing heavily on his drooped shoulders.
5. She threw her head back, her laughter ringing through the room like a bell.
6. His head tilted to the side, eyes narrowed in a suspicious scrutiny.
7. She nodded, her eyes lighting up with determination as she steeled herself for the challenge ahead.
8. His head shook in a slow, regretful denial, his gaze avoiding hers.
9. She lowered her head, her posture a silent admission of her guilt.
10. He threw his head back, a triumphant laugh echoing in the room, reflecting the joy of his recent success.

HANDS AND ARMS

Hands and arms are extremely versatile in terms of the breadth of emotions and states of mind they can express. They can reveal excitement, nervousness, aggression, and many more feelings. As you, the author, delve into the world of describing hand and arm movements, you unlock a treasure trove of expressive possibilities.

Open Palms: This gesture can signify honesty, submission, or vulnerability. A character might present open palms during an argument to show that they come in peace, or when begging for mercy.

Palms Together: This can be a sign of prayer, pleading, or anticipation. A character might press their palms together while making a heartfelt request or in a moment of deep contemplation.

Fidgeting: This can indicate nervousness, boredom, or impatience. A character might fidget with their clothing, a piece of jewelry, or their own fingers when they're anxious or waiting for something.

Drumming Fingers: This often signifies impatience, irritation, or thoughtfulness. A character might drum their fingers on a table while waiting for a late colleague, or as a sign of their irritation in a frustrating situation.

Making a Fist: This gesture can convey anger, determination, or defiance. A character might clench their fist in a moment of anger, or as a silent vow of determination.

Pointing Finger: This can indicate accusation, direction, or emphasis. A character might point a finger at the culprit in a dramatic revelation scene, or to direct someone's attention to a specific detail.

Shaking Finger: This gesture typically signifies disapproval, warning, or admonishment. A character might shake their finger at a misbehaving child or in warning to a friend about to make a poor decision.

Waving Hands: This can signal greeting, farewell, or attention-seeking. A character might wave their hand in greeting when they spot a friend across the street, or to catch someone's attention in a crowd.

Crossing Arms: This can suggest defensiveness, disagreement, or self-comfort. A character might cross their arms over their chest when they disagree with what's being said, or as a way to comfort themselves in a stressful situation.

Arms on Hips: This gesture often implies readiness, impatience, or challenge. A character might put their arms on their hips when they're ready to take on a task, or in a confrontational situation.

Incorporate these movements into your narrative thoughtfully. Remember, it's not necessary to use all of them. Select the gestures that best enhance your characters and contribute to the story you're telling. Here are some examples for inspiration:

1. He held out his hands, palms up, a clear sign of his peaceful intentions.
2. Her palms pressed together in a silent plea as she looked at him with tear-filled eyes.
3. He fidgeted with his tie, his nervousness as palpable as the tense air in the room.
4. She drummed her fingers impatiently on the table, her irritation evident in the rapid rhythm.
5. His hand curled into a fist at his side, the silent testament to his simmering anger.
6. She pointed an accusing finger at him, her voice shaking with emotion as she revealed the truth.
7. He shook his finger at her, his disapproval clear in his stern expression and the stern tone of his voice.
8. She waved her hand energetically, trying to catch the waiter's attention.
9. He crossed his arms tightly over his chest, his body language shouting his disagreement louder than any words.
10. She put her hands on her hips, her posture radiating readiness to tackle the challenge head-on.

BODY MOVEMENT AND POSITIONING

Body movement and positioning play a crucial role in conveying a character's emotions and intentions in fiction. As you, the writer, delve into elucidating these movements, remember that they can serve as powerful tools to show, not tell, your reader about your character's state of mind.

Shoulders Hunched: This posture can suggest defeat, sadness, or insecurity. A character might hunch their shoulders while walking away from an argument they've lost, or when they're feeling particularly low and insecure about themselves.

Open Stance: This body language often signifies receptivity, comfort, or confidence. A character might adopt an open stance during a friendly conversation, signaling their comfort with the other person and their openness to the discussion.

Closed Stance: In contrast, a closed stance can indicate defensiveness, discomfort, or uncertainty. A character might adopt this posture when they're in an uncomfortable situation or when they're uncertain about the person they're interacting with.

Leaning In: This can suggest interest, attraction, or attentiveness. A character might lean in during an engrossing conversation, indicating their keen interest in the topic or the person they're speaking with.

Leaning Back: On the other hand, leaning back often signifies disinterest, discomfort, or dominance. A character might lean back when they're feeling uncomfortable in a conversation, or to assert their dominance in a situation.

Standing Tall: This posture can convey confidence, pride, or defiance. A character might stand tall after achieving a big win, showing their pride, or when they're defiantly facing a challenge.

Slumping: This body language often suggests exhaustion, disappointment, or resignation. A character might slump in their chair after a long, tiring day, or when they're feeling disappointed by a missed opportunity.

Crossing Legs: This can indicate comfort, nervousness, or defensiveness. A character might cross their legs when they're relaxed and comfortable, or when they're feeling nervous or defensive in a situation.

Bouncing Legs/Feet/Knees: This movement can denote a multitude of emotions ranging from anxiety, impatience, to anticipation. Your character might bounce their leg under the table during a stressful job interview, reflecting their inner turmoil and anxiety. Alternatively, they could be bouncing on the balls of their feet while waiting in line for a highly anticipated concert, encapsulating the excitement and eagerness coursing through them. This fidgety action can be a tell-tale sign of the internal emotional state of your characters, making your narrative more immersive and relatable to your readers.

Incorporate these movements and postures into your narrative judiciously. Remember, it's not necessary to use all of them. Choose the movements and positions that best enhance your characters and contribute to the story you're telling. Here are some examples for inspiration:

1. His shoulders hunched forward, a visible manifestation of his defeat.
2. She stood with an open stance, her body language radiating comfort and confidence.
3. He adopted a closed stance, his discomfort starkly apparent in his defensive posture.
4. She leaned in, her interest in the conversation evident in her attentive posture.
5. He leaned back, his disinterest in the topic clear in his detached body language.
6. She stood tall, her posture a clear statement of her unyielding defiance.
7. His form slumped in the chair, exhaustion seeping from every line of his body.
8. She crossed her legs, her nervousness betrayed by the constant twitch of her foot.
9. He paced back and forth, his restlessness conveyed in his ceaseless movement.
10. She sat on the edge of her seat, her eagerness and anticipation mirrored in the subtle bouncing of her knee.

USE OF SPACE

The use of space is another significant aspect of body language in fiction. How your characters occupy and navigate their environment can offer deeper insights into their state of mind and relationships with others.

Invading Personal Space: When a character invades another's personal space, it may reflect dominance, intimacy, or a lack of understanding of social norms. A villain might invade the protagonist's personal space to exert power, while a romantic interest might do the same to express intimacy.

Maintaining Distance: This can indicate formality, discomfort, or disinterest. A character might keep a considerable distance from someone they've just met, signaling unfamiliarity and formality. Alternatively, your character might step back and create space when they're uncomfortable with the conversation or the person.

Claiming Space: This can signify confidence, dominance, or excitement. A character might spread out their belongings on a table, claiming their space and marking their territory, reflecting a sense of confidence or dominance.

Minimizing Presence: This could be a sign of insecurity, submissiveness, or fear. A character might make themselves smaller, trying not to take up much space, an indication of their low self-esteem or their fear of attracting attention.

Inculcate these spatial expressions in your narrative wisely. They should serve the story and not seem forced. Here are some examples for inspiration:

1. He stepped into her personal space, a clear show of his dominance.
2. She maintained a formal distance, her discomfort apparent in the space between them.
3. He spread his papers across the table, claiming the space as his own.
4. She tried to make herself smaller, her attempts to become invisible reflecting her low self-esteem.
5. He hovered at the edge of the room, his body language echoing his reluctance to join the lively conversation.
6. She leaned into the cozy corner of the couch, the warmth in her eyes revealing her comfort in the familiar space.
7. He sprawled out on the bench, his casual posture a claim to the space around him.
8. She stepped back, the distance she put between them signaling her unwillingness to engage in the confrontation.
9. He crowded her, his invasion of her personal space a blatant declaration of his power.
10. She opted for the corner seat, her choice reflecting a desire to minimize her presence in the crowded room.

Remember, as a writer, your job is to make the reader immerse themselves into the story. Using body language effectively in your narrative can help you achieve this, creating characters that resonate with your readers on a deeper level.

TOUCH

Incorporating touch, or haptics, into your storytelling can significantly amplify the emotional depth and authenticity of your characters. It's a powerful form of non-verbal communication that, when used tactfully, can speak volumes about a character's personality, emotions, and relationships.

Handshake: A firm handshake often signifies confidence, respect, and professionalism. It could be a character's go-to greeting in a formal setting. A weak handshake could hint at a lack of confidence or disinterest.

Touch Arm: A gentle touch on the arm can signify comfort, reassurance, or flirtation. It could occur between close friends or potential love interests, allowing you to subtly hint at the dynamics of their relationship.

Hug: A hug can express a gamut of emotions—joy, comfort, sadness, or even forgiveness. It's a powerful expression of closeness and warmth, and how a character hugs another can reveal a lot about their relationship.

Hand on Shoulder: This gesture can signify comfort, camaraderie, or authority. A superior might place their hand on an employee's shoulder as a gesture of encouragement, or a friend might do the same to offer comfort during tough times.

Patting Head: Typically seen in relationships with a significant age or power difference, patting someone's head can denote affection, condescendence, or encouragement. It's a distinctly intimate gesture, usually reserved for close relationships.

Kiss: A kiss, depending on its context and placement, can express love, passion, reverence, greeting, or farewell. It's an intimate gesture, and the manner in which your character kisses or is kissed can reveal a lot about their relationships and emotional state.

As you animate your characters with these touches, remember to use them with discretion. They should feel organic to the situation and characters involved. Here are some examples for you:

1. He extended a firm handshake, his grip exuding an air of confidence.
2. Her fingers lightly brushed his arm, a silent promise of reassurance.
3. They shared a warm hug, their bodies melting into each other in a silent exchange of joy.
4. He placed a comforting hand on her shoulder, a non-verbal pledge of his unwavering support.
5. She softly patted the child's head, an affectionate acknowledgement of his efforts.
6. Their lips met in a passionate kiss, a fiery testament to the love that bloomed between them.
7. She extended a weak handshake, the limpness of her grip hinting at her disinterest.
8. His hand lightly settled on her shoulder, a silent gesture of camaraderie.
9. The father tenderly kissed his child's forehead, a soft expression of boundless love.
10. He gave her a comforting hug, his arms serving as a silent solace amidst her sobs.

Incorporating haptics into your narrative can imbue your characters with a real sense of authenticity, making your story resonate more deeply with your readers.

TONE OF VOICE

The tone of voice, while not physical body language, holds a significant place in non-verbal communication within your narrative. It adds an auditory dimension to your characters, providing insights into their emotional state, personality, and intentions.

A soft-spoken character might signify gentleness or fear, depending on the context, while a loud voice might denote excitement or aggression. A monotone voice could indicate boredom or apathy, whereas fluctuations in pitch could denote nervousness or enthusiasm.

Your characters might whisper when they want to keep a conversation private, shout in anger or excitement, or use a sarcastic tone to express disdain or humor. The speed at which they speak can also reveal much: rapid-fire speech could show nervousness or excitement, while slow, deliberate speech might indicate thoughtfulness or uncertainty.

Pay attention to the moments of silence too. An abrupt silence can imply shock or surprise, and a deliberate, drawn-out silence can be a powerful tool to build suspense or express disapproval.

Remember, you, the author, have the power to make your characters come alive through their tone of voice. Here are some examples to inspire you:

1. Her voice trembled, the quiver betraying her fear.
2. His booming laughter echoed through the room, broadcasting his joy to all present.
3. She spoke in a monotone, her disinterest evident in every word.
4. He whispered into her ear, the secret safe on his hushed lips.
5. Her voice rose in pitch, the excitement barely contained in her squealing delight.
6. His slow, deliberate speech reflected his careful choice of words.
7. An uncomfortable silence stretched between them, the tension palpable in the heavy quiet.
8. His voice cracked mid-sentence, the raw grief too overwhelming to mask.
9. She mumbled under her breath, her words a barely audible mixture of irritation and defeat.
10. A deliberate silence followed his statement, the gravity of his words hanging heavy in the air.

Incorporating the tone of voice effectively in your narrative can enhance the emotional depth of your characters and create a more immersive reading experience.

Now that you know the building blocks of describing body language, it's always helpful to see examples by the masters of the craft. Take a look at this article:

12 Examples of Body Language Descriptions by Great Authors

Body Language by Emotion

Describing body language is a great way of practicing the "show, don't tell" technique in fiction.

Instead of writing that a character is angry or happy or disgusted or exhausted, let's describe the body language to show the emotion.

To give you some inspirations, we'll give you 10 examples of body language for each of 19 emotions.

As an exercise, try picking 3 emotions, and write a description selecting 3 phrases from the list as inspiration.

NOTE: in the lists below (as well as the examples in the section above), for many of the examples we have deliberately included a "show" part (the first part of the sentence) and a "tell" part (the second part of the sentence). We included the "tell" part to make it clear what emotion is illustrated, and also so that you can consider NOT doing this. In your writing, you should (for the most part) avoid "telling", and as you read the examples below, try removing the "tell" part of the sentence. You'll find that the emotion comes across without "explaining" it — especially when you imagine the body language within the context of a scene and a story.

ANGRY

1. His brows furrowed deeply, creasing into a frown like a storm cloud on his face.
2. Her hands clenched into fists, knuckles whitening from the strain of suppressed rage.
3. He kicked the chair aside, venting his frustration on the inanimate object.
4. Her lips pressed into a thin line, signaling a controlled anger.
5. His nostrils flared, a silent snarl hinting at the wild fury simmering underneath.
6. She hurled the vase against the wall, its shattering echo mirroring her wrath.
7. His jaw clenched, the grinding of teeth almost audible in the tense room.
8. Her eyes flashed dangerously, a spark of anger igniting in their depths.
9. He stomped around the room, each heavy thud punctuating his rage.
10. The vein in her forehead throbbed, a silent testament to her seething anger.

SERIOUS

1. His gaze hardened, the usual warmth receding into a stern focus.
2. She held her head high and straight, an unyielding pillar of determination.
3. He maintained steady eye contact, his unwavering focus amplifying his seriousness.
4. Her lips tightened, the slight downturn at the corners signaling her gravity.
5. His posture stiffened, the rigidity of his stance mirroring his resolute mindset.
6. The jovial sparkle in her eyes dimmed, replaced by a grave intensity.
7. He took a deep, measured breath, steeling himself for the serious discussion ahead.
8. Her voice was firm and steady, each word carefully weighted with importance.
9. His brow furrowed in concentration, his seriousness evident in his thoughtful expression.
10. She crossed her arms over her chest, a clear sign of her earnest engagement.

AFRAID

1. His hands trembled slightly, a vulnerable display of his fear.
2. Her eyes widened in alarm, the whites clearly visible as she took in the threat.
3. He backed away slowly, each step a hesitant retreat fueled by fear.
4. A lump formed in her throat, choking her words with palpable fear.
5. He stuttered, his usually fluent speech faltering under the weight of his anxiety.
6. Sweat beads formed on her forehead, a silent mirror of her inner turmoil.
7. His heart hammered in his chest, the rapid beats echoing his dread.
8. She bit her lip nervously, her teeth digging into the soft flesh as fear took hold.
9. His breath came in short, hurried gasps, punctuating the fear-laden atmosphere.
10. She hugged herself tightly, a feeble attempt to assuage her own rising panic.

SAD

1. His shoulders slumped, the heavy burden of his sadness pressing him down.
2. A tear trailed down her cheek, the salty drop a silent testament to her sorrow.
3. He stared blankly at the floor, his gaze as vacant as the emptiness swelling within him.
4. Her hands wrung together nervously, the continuous motion a futile attempt to ward off the growing despair.
5. His voice choked on a sob, the raw grief too immense to contain.
6. She curled up in a corner, her body small and fragile under the weight of her sadness.
7. The corners of his mouth drooped, his smile a faded memory replaced by a mask of sorrow.
8. Her eyes, usually so vibrant, were dull and lifeless, the spark extinguished by the heavy fog of sadness.
9. He brushed away a tear hastily, a futile attempt to hide the evidence of his inner turmoil.
10. She traced the rim of her coffee mug aimlessly, her mind lost in the labyrinth of her sadness.

HAPPY

1. His eyes lit up, the joy reflecting in the twinkling orbs like a thousand stars.
2. A genuine smile graced her lips, the curve radiating a warmth that was infectious.
3. He let out a hearty laugh, the sound bubbling over in a delightful melody of happiness.
4. Her step turned light, a hop in her walk mirroring the buoyancy of her spirits.
5. His shoulders shook in silent mirth, a joyous rhythm that rumbled from deep within.
6. She twirled around, her skirt billowing out in a dance of pure elation.
7. His fingers tapped a merry beat on the table, a physical manifestation of his internal symphony of joy.
8. Her laughter echoed around the room, the sound waves carrying her happiness to every corner.
9. He hummed a happy tune, the notes a bubbly soundtrack to his elated mood.
10. She clapped her hands together, the sound a sharp, cheerful punctuation to her glee.

SURPRISED

1. His eyebrows shot up, telegraphing his surprise as a clear visual exclamatory.
2. Her mouth fell open in a small 'o', a silent gasp of astonishment.
3. He blinked rapidly, his eyelids fluttering like the wings of a startled bird.
4. She took a step back, her body instinctively retreating from the unexpected revelation.
5. A surprised laugh escaped his lips, a sound that was more a hiccup than a chuckle.
6. Her eyes widened, the dilation of her pupils signaling her astonishment.
7. He froze, his body rigid and statuesque as surprise rooted him to the spot.
8. A startled yelp escaped from her, the sharp sound fragmenting the silence.
9. He slapped his forehead, a dramatic gesture underlining his surprise.
10. She raised her hand to cover her mouth, a classic shield against the unexpected.

CONFUSED

1. His eyebrows knitted together, the crease a visible sign of his confusion.
2. She tilted her head to the side, her gesture a silent question mark in response to the bewildering information.
3. He scratched the back of his head, the aimless motion a physical manifestation of his internal puzzlement.
4. A furrow etched itself between her brows, her face a canvas displaying her confusion.
5. He gave a non-committal shrug, his uncertainty made apparent by the half-hearted gesture.
6. Her lips puckered as though about to ask a question, the unvoiced query hanging in the air.
7. His gaze flickered from face to face, seeking clarification in the expressions of those around him.
8. She chewed on the end of her pen, her mind churning with confusion.
9. He paced back and forth, the restless movement mirroring the turmoil of his thoughts.
10. She stared blankly at the equation, the numbers swimming before her eyes in a confusing mingle.

FRUSTRATED

1. His fingers drummed on the tabletop, the rapid movement a testament to his mounting frustration.
2. She clenched her jaw, her teeth grinding together as she wrestled with her irritation.
3. He kicked at the ground, the scuffed shoe an outlet for his simmering frustration.
4. Her hands balled into fists at her sides, white knuckles standing out in stark relief against her flushed skin.
5. He threw his hands in the air, the dramatic gesture underlining his exasperation.
6. Her foot tapped impatiently, the rhythmic thumping echoing her internal agitation.
7. He ran his hands through his hair, tugging slightly in his growing frustration.
8. She huffed, the short, sharp exhale a vocal embodiment of her annoyance.
9. He grimaced, the contorted expression a clear mirror of his internal struggle.
10. She slammed her fist onto the table, the sudden noise a sharp punctuation to her mounting irritation.

ENVIOUS

1. His eyes narrowed, the green glint a telltale sign of his rising envy.
2. She crossed her arms over her chest, her body language displaying her covetous feelings.
3. His gaze lingered a little too long on the coveted item, the desire plain in his eyes.
4. Her eyebrows knitted together in frustration, the physical manifestation of her jealousy.
5. He bit his lower lip, his envy evident as he watched the other's achievements.
6. A slight frown marred her face, her envy quietly seeping into her features.
7. His knuckles turned white as he clenched his fists, his body mirroring his envious thoughts.
8. She sighed wistfully, her longing portrayed in the soft, yearning sound.
9. His posture stiffened, the rigid stance a reflection of his hidden envy.
10. She tapped her fingers against her arm impatiently, her envy surfacing in her restless movements.

SEDUCTIVE

1. Her eyes half-closed, the long lashes casting inviting shadows on her cheeks.
2. He moved a little closer, his proximity a tantalizing promise of more.
3. Her fingers traced the rim of her glass slowly, the movement deliberate and enticing.
4. He leaned in, his whisper a warm, intimate caress against her ear.
5. Her lips curved in a slow, sultry smile, the allure undeniable and magnetic.
6. His eyes held a smoky intensity, the heated gaze a clear invitation.
7. She tossed her hair back, the action a calculated tease designed to attract attention.
8. His hand brushed against hers lightly, the fleeting touch sparking an electric charge.
9. Her laughter was low and husky, the rich timbre a seductive melody.
10. His thumb gently grazed her wrist, a subtle yet intimate gesture.

EMBARASSED

1. His cheeks flushed a deep red, the color a glaring spotlight on his embarrassment.
2. She looked down, her gaze focused on her feet in an attempt to escape the uncomfortable attention.
3. He rubbed the back of his neck, the awkward motion a clear sign of his discomfort.
4. Her fingers fiddled with the hem of her shirt, the nervous action reflecting her embarrassment.
5. He stuttered over his words, the verbal stumble amplifying his unease.
6. She bit her lip, trying to suppress the mortified smile that threatened to surface.
7. He quickly averted his eyes, hoping to avoid further embarrassment.
8. She hunched her shoulders, as if trying to shrink herself and escape from the spotlight of embarrassment.
9. He shuffled his feet, the restless movement a physical manifestation of his discomfort.
10. Her hands flew to her face, shielding her expression as a blush crept up her cheeks, a clear sign of her embarrassment.

SHY

1. His eyes darted around the room, avoiding direct contact, a clear symbol of his shyness.
2. She twirled a strand of her hair around her finger, the nervous action reflective of her timid nature.
3. He kept his hands in his pockets, the closed posture an indication of his shyness.
4. She played with the sleeve of her sweater, the action an embodiment of her bashful demeanor.
5. His voice was barely above a whisper, the quiet tone revealing his hesitance.
6. She was always looking down, as if the ground held some deep fascination for her shy demeanor.
7. He rarely smiled broadly, opting instead for a safe, unassuming half-smile.
8. She often hid behind her books, using them as a shield against the world, a clear sign of her shy nature.
9. His laughter was soft and restrained, as if he was afraid of drawing too much attention to himself.
10. She often moved to the corners of the room, her preference for the periphery a testament to her shyness.

CURIOUS

1. His eyebrows shot up, his interest piqued, a clear sign of his curiosity.
2. She tilted her head slightly, her eyes wide and alert, embodying her inquisitive nature.
3. He leaned in slightly, his eager anticipation mirrored in his attentive posture.
4. Her fingers drummed on the table, the rhythmic tapping reflective of her impatient curiosity.
5. He touched his chin thoughtfully, his gesture revealing a keen interest.
6. She kept flipping through the pages, her swift movements indicative of her quest for knowledge.
7. His eyes darted back and forth, absorbing every detail in sight, a clear testament to his investigative nature.
8. She knotted her brow, her face the picture of intent concentration as she worked to solve the puzzle.
9. He bit his lip, his gaze never leaving the intriguing object, his interest clearly piqued.
10. Her hand hovered over the object, the slight hesitation indicating her mix of curiosity and caution.

SYMPATHETIC

1. Her eyes softened, the warmth radiating from them a clear indication of her sympathy.
2. He reached out, gently squeezing her hand, offering silent comfort.
3. A soft smile touched her lips, an attempt to provide reassurance in a difficult moment.
4. He slightly nodded, showing his understanding and empathy.
5. Her fingers gently brushed away a tear, the tender action a clear sign of her compassion.
6. He bent his head, a subtle act of agreement and shared sorrow.
7. She held her gaze steady, her eyes offering a safe haven of understanding.
8. His hand rested lightly on her back, a comforting presence amidst the storm.
9. She leaned in, her attentive listening a testament to her empathetic nature.
10. His voice dropped to a soothing whisper, providing comfort in the midst of turmoil.

DISGUSTED

1. His nose wrinkled, the action a physical reflection of his revulsion.
2. She pushed herself away from the table, her abrupt movement signaling her disgust.
3. His lips curled in distaste, the grimace a clear indication of his disdain.
4. She crossed her arms tightly, her defensive posture a sign of her repulsion.
5. His eyes narrowed in disgust, his gaze hard and unyielding.
6. She turned her face away, unable to hide the distaste etched in her expression.
7. His quick step back reflected his immediate rejection and disgust.
8. She swallowed hard, her throat working against the sickening feeling welling up inside.
9. His brow furrowed, the deep crease a testament to his strong aversion.
10. She shook her head slowly, her repulsion palpable in the dismissive gesture.

CONTEMPTUOUS

1. His lips twisted into a smirk, the arrogant expression a clear indication of his contempt.
2. She rolled her eyes, the dismissive action revealing her disdain.
3. His laughter was cold and mocking, echoing his scornful attitude.
4. She crossed her arms, her defensive posture reflecting her dismissive sentiment.
5. He turned his back, the blatant disregard a sign of his contempt.
6. Her gaze was icy, her cold stare filled with repugnance.
7. His words were laced with a sneer, his tone dripping with derision.
8. She tossed her hair dismissively, the gesture communicating her lack of regard.
9. His shoulders stiffened, his upright posture a sign of his condescending attitude.
10. She turned up her nose, the action a clear display of her disdain.

DECEITFUL

1. His smile didn't quite reach his eyes, the disconnect revealing his insincere intentions.
2. She avoided direct eye contact, her gaze shifting, a classic sign of her deceit.
3. He rubbed the back of his neck, an unconscious signal that he was not entirely truthful.
4. Her fingers twisted together, a nervous habit revealing her discomfort with the lie.
5. His voice wavered, the inconsistency betraying his fabrication.
6. She quickly changed the subject, her deflection a telltale sign of her deceitful nature.
7. He excessively nodded, an over-compensation that hinted at his dishonesty.
8. She touched her face more often, a subconscious reaction to lying.
9. His laughter was forced and hollow, a clear sign of his feigned amusement.
10. She repeatedly glanced at the exit, her desire for escape reflecting her deceitful intentions.

BORED

1. His gaze drifted towards the window, his lack of focus a clear sign of his boredom.
2. She tapped her fingers aimlessly on the table, the restless movement indicative of her disinterest.
3. His yawn was wide and undisguised, a blatant display of his ennui.
4. She glanced at her watch, her action revealing her wish to be somewhere else.
5. His posture slumped, the sagging shoulders echoing his lack of enthusiasm.
6. She doodled aimlessly on the edge of her notebook, her mind clearly elsewhere.
7. His eyes glazed over, the vacant stare a testament to his boredom.
8. She kept twisting her hair, her repetitive action revealing her disengagement.
9. He sighed frequently, the heavy exhalations indicative of his tedium.
10. She zoned out of the conversation, her inattentive behavior making her boredom evident.

EXHAUSTED

1. His eyelids drooped, a clear sign of his overwhelming tiredness.
2. She rubbed her temples, her movements slow and heavy indicating her fatigue.
3. He yawned, the deep, unguarded action echoing his exhaustion.
4. Her shoulders slumped, the gravity of tiredness pulling her posture down.
5. His movements were sluggish, each step heavier than the last revealing his weariness.
6. She leaned against the wall, the support needed due to her drained state.
7. He blinked slowly, his languid pace reflecting his sapped energy.
8. Her words were faint, each syllable a struggle due to her fatigue.
9. He ran his hand through his hair, a weary gesture of stress and tiredness.
10. She kept stifling yawns, her constant battle with sleepiness evident.

Resources

MY FAVORITE ALL-PURPOSE RESOURCE

The Writer's Treasure Chest - everything in one place, curated, organized, this is a great reference for all things writing craft, with tons of prompts, plot/character generators and other tools to inspire you to write a great story.

RELATED ARTICLES

As you write your story, here are some articles that will be helpful as you work on all the aspects of the writing craft and your writing process: 

• Write Fiction Faster! — How to Speed Up Your Story Writing 
  
  
• Need a Great Idea for Your Next Story? Try the Story IDEA Formula
  
  
• From Idea to Story: 3 Methods to Develop Your Story Idea 
  
  
• How to Write Characters Who Stick in the Reader's Mind 
  
  
• What Makes a Good Story? — Great Scenes! Here's How to Write Them
  
  
• Flash Fiction: How To Use It To Supercharge Your Writing 
  
  
• Blast Through Writer's Block: How to Get Unstuck 
  
  
• Find Your Stagecoach — How to Master the Art of Writing Fiction

FREE COURSE, GUIDE AND WORKBOOK

Do you want to write fiction faster, while practicing your craft and your writing process to consistently get better? Check out this link to the "Write Fiction Faster ... and better" guide and workbook, which comes with a companion course with 23 bite-sized video lessons and 4 worksheets.

Frequently Asked Questions

1) How can I use body language to show, not tell, in my fiction writing?

You, the writer, can utilize body language in your fiction writing to "show, not tell" by portraying your characters' emotions and reactions through their physical gestures and expressions rather than solely relying on dialogue or explicit narration. This method helps to create a more immersive and vivid depiction of your characters for your readers.

For instance, rather than stating, "She was nervous," you could write, "She began twirling a loose strand of hair around her finger." By doing this, you give your readers a chance to interpret the character's feelings based on their actions, lending depth and realism to your storytelling. Remember, in fiction writing, actions often speak louder than words. Body language, being a form of non-verbal communication, can be a powerful tool to convey a character's thoughts, feelings, and intentions subtly yet effectively.

2) How can I accurately portray different emotions through body language?

To accurately portray different emotions through body language, you need to understand the nuanced physical cues associated with each emotion. For example, a character feeling angry might have clenched fists, a rigid posture, or narrowed eyes. A happy character, on the other hand, may have a relaxed posture, a wide smile, and sparkling eyes. Fear might manifest as widened eyes, sweating, or trembling hands.

Refer to real-life observations or research psychological studies to gain insights into how emotions are expressed physically. But remember, body language can vary among different characters depending on their personality, background, or current situation.

For instance, one character might bite their nails when they're nervous, while another might tap their foot incessantly. Therefore, consistency in the portrayal of a character's unique body language can also contribute to their depth and believability.

A helpful technique can be to physically act out the scene yourself to understand how your body naturally reacts. It’s also beneficial to read your written body language descriptions out loud to ensure they flow naturally and make sense to your readers.

In your narrative, intersperse body language details with dialogue or action to create a balanced and engaging scene. Remember, subtlety is key – a little can go a long way in painting a vivid picture of a character's emotional state.

Always be mindful of the potential for clichés when describing body language in your fiction. Try to find fresh and innovative ways to describe common physical responses to different emotional states. This not only avoids repetition but also adds a unique flavor to your writing style.

3) How can I use body language to develop my characters and their relationships?

Body language can be a significant tool in developing your characters and their relationships with one another. By consistently associating certain physical habits or gestures with a specific character, you, the author, can make that character more distinct and memorable in the minds of your readers. For instance, a character who habitually strokes his beard when deep in thought can become instantly recognizable by this trait.

Furthermore, the body language between characters can reveal a lot about their relationships. Two characters who are close may lean towards each other when they talk, indicating their bond and comfort with each other. However, a character who avoids eye contact with another might hint at a past conflict or underlying tension.

Body language can also show the evolution of relationships. For example, a character who initially crosses her arms around a certain person but gradually relaxes can subtly show the audience that her relationship with that person is improving.

Remember, though, that body language should complement other elements of your storytelling, such as dialogue and action, rather than replace them. Balancing these different elements will make your fiction more engaging and impactful.

Lastly, incorporating body language effectively requires careful observation and understanding of human behavior. So, keep your eyes open in your daily life, observe the people around you, and don’t forget to dive into the characters you’re creating. This will not only aid your descriptions of body language but also help you create believable characters and relationships.

4) Are there any clichés or pitfalls I should avoid when describing body language in fiction?

Yes, there are certainly clichés and pitfalls to avoid when describing body language in fiction. One common pitfall is overusing certain gestures or expressions to the point where they become repetitive and lose their impact. This includes the overuse of nods, shrugs, and smiles.

Another common issue is the use of clichéd expressions, such as a character 'beaming' in happiness, 'fuming' in anger, or 'trembling' in fear. While these expressions can be effective in the right context, overuse can lead to stale and predictable writing.

When describing body language, it's also important to avoid using actions that don't align with the character's personality or the situation they're in. This can cause confusion and break the reader's immersion.

Finally, remember not to over-rely on body language to convey your characters' feelings and thoughts. While body language is a powerful tool, it should be used in balance with dialogue, action, and internal narrative.

You, the writer, should always strive for authenticity in your descriptions of body language. Make your characters express their emotions in ways that are unique to them. This not only adds depth to your characters but also brings freshness and originality to your writing style.

5) How can I use body language to create suspense or tension in a scene?

Body language can be a powerful tool in creating suspense or tension within a scene in your fiction. By describing the physical cues of your characters, you, the author, can evoke feelings of anticipation, unease, or suspense in your readers. For instance, a character whose eyes dart around a room or whose fingers drum impatiently on a tabletop can indicate nervousness or impatience. A character who holds their breath, clenches their fists, or has a rapid heartbeat can signify fear or anticipation.

Another way to use body language is to create contrasts between what a character is saying and what their body language is suggesting. For example, a character might insist they're fine, but their jittery hands, evasive eye contact, or forced smile might suggest otherwise. This discrepancy can create suspense as the reader wonders what the character is hiding.

The pacing of your narrative can also affect the tension in a scene. Rapid, brief descriptions of body language can create a sense of urgency and imminent danger. On the other hand, slow, detailed descriptions of body language can build suspense by drawing out the moment and focusing the reader's attention on the character's emotional state.

It's important to remember, though, that the effectiveness of body language in creating suspense or tension depends on the context and the build-up. A sudden, unexpected gesture can shock the reader, while a slowly escalating series of physical cues can build suspense over time.

So, careful planning and execution of body language descriptions can significantly enhance the tension and suspense in your fiction, engaging your readers and keeping them hooked until the end.

6) Can body language help to improve dialogue in my story? If so, how?

Absolutely, body language can greatly enhance the dialogue in your story. It allows you, the writer, to convey emotions and reactions without explicitly stating them, adding a layer of realism and depth to your characters' interactions. For example, a character might say something sarcastic while rolling their eyes, or show their disbelief by raising an eyebrow. These subtle cues can add nuance and subtext to their spoken words, making the dialogue more dynamic and engaging.

Body language can also help to break up large blocks of dialogue, making them easier to read and more visually interesting. Instead of a long exchange of spoken words, you can intersperse dialogue with descriptions of a character's actions or reactions. This can not only provide a visual break for the reader but also add pacing and rhythm to the dialogue.

Furthermore, body language can reveal the true feelings or intentions of a character, potentially creating tension or conflict in a scene. A character might say one thing but their body language might suggest something entirely different. These contradictions can add intrigue and complexity to your story, making your readers more invested in the characters and their interactions.

So, incorporating body language into your dialogue can make your conversations more realistic, engaging, and complex, enhancing the overall quality of your fiction. However, remember to use it judiciously and authentically, as overuse or misuse of body language can distract the reader and undermine its effectiveness.

7) How can I use body language to reveal a character’s lie or deceit?

Incorporating body language to reveal a character's deceit can add depth and intrigue to your story. Generally, people tend to display certain physical signs when they are lying or hiding something. These signs could be nervous gestures, darting eyes, or inconsistencies in their behavior. For example, a character who is generally open and relaxed might become tense and fidgety when they are lying.

Another effective technique is to create a mismatch between what the character is saying and their body language. For example, a character might insist they're telling the truth while avoiding eye contact or exhibiting a forced smile, signaling to the reader that they might be lying.

Consider the context and the character's personality when describing these signs. Some characters might be expert liars, able to control their body language to a great extent, while others might be terrible at lying, their discomfort evident in their every move. Remember, the way a character lies can tell a lot about them and their relationship with other characters.

However, subtlety is key when using body language to reveal deceit. Overly obvious signs can make the deceit feel contrived and might turn off your readers. Instead, use body language to plant seeds of doubt in the reader's mind, creating tension and suspense that will keep them engaged.

So, you, the author, can effectively use body language to reveal a character's lie or deceit, adding another layer of complexity to your fiction. However, don't forget to balance it with other elements of storytelling such as dialogue and internal narrative.

8) What are some subtle body language cues I could use to hint at a character's secret or hidden feelings?

Subtle body language cues can powerfully hint at a character's secret or hidden feelings. These cues can be as slight as the fleeting flicker of an eye or as telling as a habitual gesture made under stress.

For instance, a character who constantly touches their face or fidgets with an object when a particular topic comes up might suggest they're concealing something. A character who cannot maintain eye contact when lying or hides their mouth behind their hand could be indicating dishonesty or unease.

Moreover, nonverbal cues like posture can be quite revealing. A character who usually stands tall and confident might slouch or fold in on themselves when they're around a certain person or in a particular situation, hinting at discomfort or insecurity.

Subconscious actions such as mirroring someone else's movements can signal empathy or attraction, while sudden changes in behavior, like becoming more reserved or overly talkative, could indicate an emotional shift.

One important factor to consider is the timing and frequency of these cues. An action that happens once might be dismissed as coincidence, but if it happens repeatedly, it could suggest a pattern and a deeper emotional connection.

Remember, subtle body language cues can create a sense of realism in your characters, making them more relatable and multi-dimensional. Just ensure to use these cues sparingly and authentically, as excessive or incongruent body language can disrupt the flow of your narrative and confuse your readers. As you, the writer, master the use of body language in fiction, you'll find that it is an invaluable tool in your writer's toolkit.

9) How can body language add depth and believability to my characters?

Body language can greatly enhance the depth and believability of your characters by demonstrating their inner emotions, thoughts, and motivations without explicitly stating them. It allows you, the author, to show rather than tell, providing a more immersive and engaging experience for your readers.

For example, how a character carries themselves can reveal a lot about their personality, confidence, and mood. A character who always walks with their head held high and shoulders back is likely confident and assertive, while a character who often slouches or avoids eye contact might be insecure or introverted.

Moreover, body language can reflect a character's emotional state in a particular moment. If a character is fiddling with their fingers or tapping their foot, it might suggest they are nervous or impatient. If they cross their arms over their chest, it might indicate they are defensive or closed off.

Additionally, body language can reveal the dynamics and tension between characters. For instance, if two characters are constantly invading each other's personal space, it could signal a power struggle, attraction, or familiarity, depending on the context.

Finally, descriptions of body language can add sensory details to your writing, making your scenes more vivid and engaging. Telling your readers that a character's hands are trembling or that their face turns red can make the scene more tangible and relatable, evoking the reader's own experiences and emotions.

So, incorporating body language into your writing can add depth, realism, and believability to your characters, making your fiction more engaging and immersive. As always, remember to use body language authentically and judiciously, keeping in mind your character's personality, history, and the context of the scene.

10) How can the cultural differences in body language be effectively incorporated into character development?

Cultural differences in body language can significantly enrich your characters and their interactions, lending authenticity and depth to your fiction. However, incorporating these differences requires careful research and sensitivity to avoid stereotyping or misrepresentation.

Firstly, understand that body language is intertwined with culture and can vary significantly from one culture to another. For instance, while direct eye contact is often perceived as a sign of honesty and confidence in many Western cultures, it might be considered disrespectful or aggressive in other cultures.

Secondly, consider the cultural background of your characters and how that might influence their body language. A character who grew up in a culture where physical touch is a common form of communication might use touch more frequently in their interactions, while a character from a culture where personal space is highly valued might prefer maintaining distance.

Additionally, consider how cultural differences in body language can affect interactions between characters from different cultures. Misinterpretations or misunderstandings resulting from these differences can create tension or conflict, adding intrigue and complexity to your narrative.

Remember, the goal isn't to stereotype or exoticize, but to portray your characters and their cultures authentically and respectfully. So, do thorough research, consult cultural experts if possible, and always approach cultural differences with curiosity, respect, and humility.

Effectively incorporating cultural differences in body language into your character development can add nuance and realism to your fiction, deepening your characters and their relationships. As you, the writer, continue to explore the various facets of body language, you'll find it to be a potent tool in your storytelling arsenal.