How To Write a Story in 5 Easy Steps

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How do I write a story? Here are 5 easy steps to write your story:

IDEA - come up with an amazing idea (we'll show you how)
FREEWRITE - have a free-flowing conversation with the story, the characters, and yourself to shape the idea into a story
END - write the end of the story first, so you know where it's going ...
START - ... then write the start, making sure it hooks the reader ...
MIDDLE - ... finally, write the middle of the story with a big event in the middle of the middle, 3 great scenes (and no bad scenes), subplots, character arcs, emotional arc(s), settings, and set pieces

Let's take a look at each of these 5 Easy Steps to Write a Story, and we'll also review 3 Methods to Develop Your Story.

Before we start ...
do you want to write fiction faster,
while practicing your craft
and your writing process
to consistently get better?

Check out this link to
the FREE "Write Fiction Faster ... and better"
guide and workbook,
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with 23 bite-sized video lessons and 4 worksheets.

Step 1: Idea

If you already have your amazing idea, move on to the next step. If you're drawing a blank on where to get ideas, try the Story IDEA Formula, where "IDEA" stands for:

INSPIRE x DELVE + ENGAGE x ADAPT

INSPIRE - get sparks of inspiration from multiple sources
DELVE - get clear about what you want to write about
ENGAGE - fan the idea-spark into a fire
ADAPT - play with the idea, transforming it into a story concept

INSPIRE

Find and capture sources of inspiration. This could be a list of prompts. It could be observations of real life. Try using reference sources. Don't forget to consume fiction in any format, reading, watching, listening. Then capture all the inspirations as they come.

DELVE

Dig deep into what you want to write about, the things you like and are interested in and want to explore. It can be your favorite fiction genre. Or specific topics, themes, interest. It can be the mood or tone or feeling you want to express. Or a fictional world (location, time period, a fantasy or futuristic world) that you want to explore. It can be specific types of characters that you want to write about or characters that come to mind based on the inspiration.

ENGAGE

Now engage with the spark of an idea to fan the fire so you can forge it into a fully formed concept. The simplest way may be to just sit down and freewrite (see Step 2"). But you may not feel quite ready to do that. So instead you can engage with the idea from a more oblique angle. You can find (or draw) pictures or listen to music that feels evocative. You can talk it through with a friend (or yourself, out loud or on paper). Or just take a walk and let the idea take form in your subconscious. There have been studies to prove that walking enhances creativity.

ADAPT

These are various ways of playing with and transforming the idea into a story concept, using tools like "What if?", "Flip", "Modify", "Combine", and "Map":

What if ...? – Our brains are wired to answer questions, so when you use "what if...", your brain springs into action and tries to answer it.
Flip – This means to turn some character or situation or other story elements upside down or on its side.
Modify – Create a new story by modifying an older familiar one, such as taking a fairytale and retelling it in a modern world.
Combine – Take two ideas and combine them. This can be two ideas that came up during the steps above. It can also be combining two already existing ideas.
Map – Even if you are a confirmed "Pantser" (writing from the seat of your pants with no outline), consider mapping out your story idea, just a little bit, as a tool to spark your creative imagination.

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on the Story IDEA Formula, including 20 Tools & Tips to Come Up With Great Story Ideas:

Need a Great Idea for Your Next Story? Try the Story IDEA Formula

Step 2: Freewrite

Freewriting for fiction can be a free-flowing, free-association conversation with your story, characters, and even yourself.

It gives you the opportunity to explore different aspects of your story and characters. You can also develop a better understanding of what you want to say, how best to say it, and what themes or points-of-view you want to explore.

THE STORY

Go ahead, have a conversation with your story. Start with broad questions, then go narrower and free associate as you go along. For example, you can ask "What story do you want to tell?" and then free-associate and let your story tell you what it wants to be. You can get more specific such as "How does the story end?" and "How does the story start?" (which will help you in "Step 3" and "Step 4" below. You can ask about the middle, such as "What are the settings where the story takes place?" and "What's the 'big event' in the middle of the middle?". This will help you with "Step 5" below.

THE CHARACTERS

Now, have a conversation with your characters. Start with broad questions, such as "Tell me about yourself" and "What is you role in the story?" Then go deeper, such as "Describe yourself: skin, flesh & bones, and soul" and "What is your character arc?" You can also get a feel for your character's voice by asking them to tell you a story or dialogue with another character.

YOU (THE WRITER)

Finally, have a conversation with yourself about the writing. Ask yourself, "Why do I want to write this story?" and "What is the theme?". Then get specific about "How do I want to tell the story?" (such as point of view and narrative structure) and "What's the best method to develop the story?" (see the section below in this article on "3 Methods to Develop Your Story.") You can also ask yourself for a list of "What do I need to research?" (such as settings, historical facts, character occupations, etc.)

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on the StoryDREAMING process, including 5 Tips & Tricks for Freewriting:

StoryDREAMING — How To Freewrite for Fiction

Step 3: End

Writing the ending of your story first can be incredibly beneficial to the overall outcome of your story. By starting with the end, you have a clear idea of where your story needs to go and what it should ultimately look like. This can help you stay focused while writing, as well as provide a sense of motivation to keep going.

Decide which type of ending the story needs. These are the 6 types of story endings.

RESOLVED - tie everything up neatly
UNRESOLVED - leave the story open ended (maybe even with a cliffhanger)
AMBIGUOUS - provide some closure but leave other aspects of the story open for interpretation
UNEXPECTED (TWIST) - surprise the readers with a plot twist, a major reveal
TIED (CYCLICAL) - the narrative loops back to a beginning point or motif
EXPANDED (EPILOGUE) - provide readers with insight into the characters and their situations that goes beyond the story

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on how to end a story, including 10 techniques for writing the end of the story:

How to End a Story

Step 4: Start

Now that you know the end, write the start. Decide which type of beginning the story needs.

There are 7 types of story beginnings to hold the reader CAPTIVE:

CHARACTER - let the reader be drawn in by the characters
ACTION/DIALOGUE - throw the reader straight into the action
PREVIEW - show the reader a glimpse of what is to come
TENSION - establish high stakes from the start
IMAGE - immerse the reader in your world
VIBE - set the tone and mood of the story
EXTRAORDINARY - be different, surprise the reader

Next, follow these 4 steps to start a story, you'll SET the HOOK, reel in your reader, and keep them on the hook to read the story from start to finish.

The steps are:

A SHORT line (narrative question, statement, action, dialogue, etc.) …
… followed by a paragraph that builds on the short line to add EMOTIVE qualities
... then heightens the TENSION, before you
... HOOK the reader with a third (and fourth and fifth) paragraph to reel them even deeper into the emotion and tension with a promise of more to come.

Read the example from Hilary Mantel’s “Wolf Hall” and notice how the prose flows from the first short line of dialogue into the the next paragraph and then to the third and fourth, adding those emotive elements (this is his father, his parent, threatening to kill the boy) and tension (one more kick and the boy may be dead) right from the start, then hooks us to keep reading.

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on how to start a story, including examples from great authors:

How To Start a Story

Step 5: Middle

Writing the middle of a story can be one of the most challenging parts of writing fiction. It’s been described as “the muddle,” “the soft middle,” “the sagging middle,” and “the great swampy middle.” Many writers feel stuck in this section because they don’t know what to write and how to connect the beginning and ending together.

How do I keep the reader engaged in the middle of the story? How do I write the middle?

First Write the START and the END — but you knew that already (see "Step 3" and "Step 4")
Build Up To a BIG EVENT — the Middle of the Middle — Then Ride the Ride to the End
Design 3 GREAT SCENES (and No Bad Scenes)
Load Up on SETTINGS and SET PIECES
Weave In SUBPLOTS (B- and C-Stories)
Make Room for CHARACTER ARCS
Know Your EMOTIONAL ARC(s)

When you put all that together, there's plenty going on in the middle, as illustrated in the diagram below:

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on how to write the middle:

How To Write The Middle

3 Methods To Develop Your Story

There are three ways to develop a story, depending on your preference, mood, or — in some cases — the idea itself: the Outliner, Pantser, and Character methods.

The Outliner method involves following a Narrative Structure (also called a Plot Diagram or a Beat Sheet). There are many narrative structures, but they typically involve three Acts which we could call Act I: the Challenge; Act II: the Complications; and Act III: the Conclusion.
The Pantser method (writing “from the seat of your pants”) lets the story grow organically from the idea, discovering the story as you write (and rewrite, and rewrite).
The Character method takes a central character through a character arc — or transformation — based on the idea, developing the story around this character transformation.

OUTLINER

If you're someone who prefers plotting the story, then follow this three-act narrative structure. I call the outline in the diagram below the StoryBuzz 3x3 FictionMap structure. Each of the 3 acts has 3 key story elements (i.e., 3x3 = 9 plot elements), and each act and each element starts with the letter ‘C,’ just because alliteration is fun.

Here’s a summary of what goes in each the 9 plot elements:

CHALLENGE (ACT I)

CONTEXT Strong opening image, setup, ordinary world
CATALYST Inciting incident, call to action, disturbance
CONVERSION Debate, decision, crossing the threshold

COMPLICATIONS (ACT II)

CONTRASTS Upside-down world, tests, set pieces
CRISIS Big change, false victory/defeat
CONFLICTS More set pieces, attacks, apparent defeat

CONCLUSION (ACT III)

CHANGE Reversal, decision, gauntlet, road back
CLIMAX Mounting forces, final battle, revelation
CLOSURE Denouement, final image

CLIFFHANGER (OPTIONAL)

The benefit of the “Outliner” method is the structure it provides. But that is also the drawback because it can feel constrained and not very inspiring.

PANTSER

If you are someone who feels that too much structure is stifling, or perhaps you just need to write your way into the story, then, by all means, try writing from the “seat of your pants” (I.e., be a “Pantser”). This is also called a "Discovery Writer", since you will be discovering the story as you write, letting it grow organically through the writing.

The benefit of the “Pantser” method is its sense of freedom, playfulness, and fun. This makes it a very attractive way to start the process of writing a story. The drawback is getting stuck down a blind alley, then abandoning the idea as a half-finished story.

CHARACTER

If the Outliner method feels too constricting and the Pantser method feels too loose, try the Character method.

Pick a character (usually your protagonist or antagonist, but it could be any central character that you really want to flesh out). Now consider both your character and the story idea, and freeform write about how this character will go through a transformation (a character arc) based on your core story idea.

Think of this as three snapshot images of one or more key character in your story, and ask your characters:

Before - who were you before? (a frog)
After - who did you become? (a prince)
Turning Point - what happened to make you change? (a princess kissed me)

Now, step back and think about what other characters are needed in order to make this happen (who will help, hinder, create conflicts, or in some way challenge and push your central character go through this transformation). They don’t need to have names yet, just what their role will be during the story, and how they will affect and interact with your central character.

For example, in the story of the frog prince, this other character is "The Princess," and her role is to kiss the frog so that he becomes a prince.

Next think about what story elements (action, victories, defeats, betrayals, twists, turns, etc.) are needed to make your central character go through this transformation.

With this, you can either start writing (as in the “Pantser” method), or you may want to sketch a simplified outline first (as in the “Outliner” method).

The benefit of the “Character” method is that you get to know the central character and the story idea comes to life through a personal journey. The drawback, especially in some genre fiction (ex. mystery/thrillers, science fiction) could be that it is really the plot’s twists and turns, perhaps along with setting & world-building, not a single character’s journey, that will make the idea come alive.

Here's a link to an article which goes into more detail on the 3 Methods to Develop a Story:

From Idea to Story: 3 Methods to Develop Your Story Idea

Resources

MY FAVORITE ALL-PURPOSE RESOURCE

The Writer's Treasure Chest - everything in one place, curated, organized, this is a great reference for all things writing craft, with tons of prompts, plot/character generators and other tools to inspire you to write a great story with a great middle.

MORE DETAIL ON THE 5 STEPS

These articles provide additional detail on each of the 5 Easy Steps to Write a Story:

As you write your story, here are some articles that will be helpful as you work on all the aspects of the writing craft and your writing process:

FREE COURSE, GUIDE AND WORKBOOK

Do you want to write fiction faster, while practicing your craft and your writing process to consistently get better? Check out this link to the "Write Fiction Faster ... and better" guide and workbook, which comes with a companion course with 23 bite-sized video lessons and 4 worksheets.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the best way to plan out my story?

The best way to plan out your story is by using a combination of outlining, freewriting, and brainstorming. Outlining allows you to get the big picture of your story down without getting bogged down in details. Freewriting lets you explore different aspects of your story and characters, while brainstorming can help you come up with great ideas for plot points or character arcs. With these three methods working together, you’ll be able to create an amazing fiction that will keep readers hooked from start to finish.

2. How can I make sure my characters are believable?

In order to make sure your characters are believable, it's important to dig deep and explore who they are. Get into their backstory, motivations, hopes and dreams, fears and even what their morning routine is like. All of these details add up to create a fully realized character that readers can relate to. Take the time to really get to know your characters on a personal level and you'll be rewarded with dynamic characters that will draw in your readers.

Also consider having someone else read through your writing and give feedback. Having another set of eyes on your work is invaluable for catching mistakes or noticing areas where you can improve the characterization. This will make sure that all of the characters in your story feel authentic and realistic.

3. What makes a good plot and how do I come up with one?

Creating a good plot can be a challenge, but it's also an incredibly rewarding process. Start by asking yourself the "what if" questions. What if this happened? What if that happened? You can also start with a central conflict and build up the details around it. Brainstorm ideas for characters, settings, and plot points to bring your story to life. Once you have all of the pieces in place, consider weaving in subplots to further enrich your story and give readers even more to enjoy.

Be sure to include plenty of twists and turns in your plot so nothing feels too predictable. A good rule of thumb is three major events that move the story along; these should be spaced throughout the story so each event increases tension or adds more intrigue. Finally, make sure your plot makes sense and has a logical resolution. Readers will appreciate it if they feel like their time was well spent getting through your story.

4. How can I create an interesting narrative style that engages readers?

An interesting narrative style that engages readers starts with your choice of words. Opt for more descriptive language and use figurative devices — like imagery, similes, and metaphors — to create a vivid picture in the reader’s mind. It's also important to go beyond the surface level of description and develop characters who have depth and complexity to them.

Choose an appropriate writing style for your story, whether it be formal or informal, first person or third person point of view. Consider the tone of your story as well - suspenseful, humorous, heartwarming? Every element you choose should contribute to the overall feeling you're trying to portray.

When it comes to pacing, try varying the speed at which you tell your story. Introduce excitement with action scenes and then slow down with character-driven moments that allow readers to dive deeper into each character's thoughts and emotions. Show don't tell - instead of just telling readers what is happening in a scene, try painting a picture with dialogue or sensory details that will draw them into your world and make them feel like they are part of the story.

Finally, don’t forget about suspense when crafting an engaging narrative style! Tension can keep readers on the edge of their seat as they eagerly turn pages in anticipation of what might happen next.

5. What's the most effective way of structuring my story for maximum impact?

The most effective way to structure your story for maximum impact is to create a compelling narrative arc. This means starting with an inciting incident, then building up tension and suspense as the story progresses, and resolving the main conflict at the end. As you plot out your story, be sure to have plenty of twists and turns that keep readers guessing. Also include moments where characters can reflect on their experiences. You should also pay attention to pacing. For example, you can alternate between quieter character-driven scenes and action-packed set pieces. This way you'll keep readers engaged in all parts of the story. For dialogue, try keeping it natural and believable rather than too forced or stilted. Finally, don't forget about setting. Using descriptive language and sensory details can help readers really feel like they are part of the world you've created.

6. Should I use dialogue in fiction writing, and if so, how should I go about it?

Yes, dialogue is an important tool in fiction writing! Dialogue gives readers a chance to hear your characters speak and adds realism to your story. When using dialogue, be sure to establish who's talking first and try to avoid excessive exposition. Instead of just telling readers what's happening, let the characters' words do the talking. Pay attention to the flow of conversation: does it sound natural? Are there pauses or interruptions? Keep in mind that conversations don't always have to be meaningful — feel free to include a few lighter moments too!

When writing dialogue, use language that suits each character and their individual voice. For example, if you have a character with a higher level of education, they may use bigger words or longer sentences than someone with less formal schooling. Consider using dialects or accents when appropriate as well; just make sure the reader can still understand what's being said. Finally, dialogue should move the plot forward and bring out different layers of each character — so every time you write something new, ask yourself how it will benefit the story overall.

7. Which techniques can help me develop themes effectively within a story or novel?

Developing themes effectively within a story or novel can be done through various techniques. Start by asking yourself what the main message of your story is and why you want to tell it. This will help you create a clear narrative arc where each event plays an important part in furthering the overall theme.

Using literary devices like imagery, symbolism, foreshadowing, and metaphors can also help bring themes to life in your writing. These elements can help readers understand characters on a deeper level and connect with them on an emotional level, making the themes more powerful. Make sure their dialogue and actions reflect their individual beliefs as well as how they fit into the bigger picture of the story.

Finally, consider weaving additional subplots into your story that provide insight into different aspects of life or humanity. This will create opportunities for readers to draw their own conclusions about issues related to the main theme(s). Ultimately, these techniques will allow you to convey your message in an engaging way that leaves readers thinking long after they've put down your book.

8. Are there any tips for creating tension in fiction writing so that readers keep turning pages eagerly all the way through to the end of my book or short story?

Creating tension in fiction writing is all about providing readers with anticipation and suspense. To keep them engaged, try introducing moments of suspense into your story — moments where something unexpected or thrilling is about to happen. This could be as small as a character's inner conflict or as big as an impending battle. Plant clues along the way that will give readers a hint as to what might happen next.

Another way to create tension is by using cliffhangers at the end of scenes or chapters. This will leave readers wondering what will happen next, drawing them further into the story and encouraging them to keep reading. Use pacing to your advantage too — alternating between slow-paced scenes with a lot of dialogue and faster ones with action can help create interesting contrast that builds excitement over time. Finally, don't forget about setting — using descriptive language and sensory details can draw readers into the atmosphere of your story and make it seem more real.

9. Is there anything specific that needs to be taken into account when writing endings for stories or novels - and what makes an ending truly satisfying for readers?

Endings should be satisfying for readers because they need to feel like the story has reached a conclusion that makes sense and ties up all loose ends. To achieve this, make sure your ending is in line with the overall theme of the story and reflects what you were trying to convey. Include some type of resolution, whether it's having characters come to a realization or achieving a goal. Make sure it follows logically from the events that came before and that everything that happened along the way was leading up to this point.

When crafting an ending, avoid using last-minute plot twists or deus ex machina devices — these can feel like cheating! Instead, put focus on character development and emotional arcs; when readers have connected with your characters on an emotional level, they'll be satisfied regardless of what happens in the end. Finally, give your characters closure by providing insight into how their choices will affect them going forward — this will make them seem more real and meaningful to readers.

10. Are there any tools or resources available to help writers create compelling fiction stories more easily and quickly than by traditional methods such as manual pen-and-paper planning/outlining & free-writing techniques alone?

Yes, there are many tools and resources available to help writers create compelling fiction stories more easily and quickly than by traditional methods. One of the most common tools is an online story map, which serves as a virtual blueprint for your story. It helps organize your ideas into plot points, characters, and settings that can all be visually connected in one place.

Software programs such as Scrivener allow you to brainstorm and make notes without getting bogged down in the details of formatting or organizing your writing. These programs also provide useful features like outlining, character creation sheets, and scene trackers, all of which can be used to ensure your story progresses logically.

Finally, there are numerous creative writing workshops available online that provide helpful tips on how to craft engaging dialogue, develop effective plot structures, and create interesting conflicts within your story. Most of these workshops use practical exercises to get you brainstorming and keep your ideas flowing smoothly onto the page.

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